1/10
A 38-year-old female is being evaluated for progressive exertional dyspnea. The following cardiac catheterization data are obtained:
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure 10 mmHg (normal 3-12 mmHg)
Left ventricular peak systolic pressure 110 mmHg (normal 100-140 mmHg)
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 36 mmHg (normal<12 mmHg)
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure 10 mmHg (normal 3-12 mmHg)
Left ventricular peak systolic pressure 110 mmHg (normal 100-140 mmHg)
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 36 mmHg (normal<12 mmHg)
- Mitral stenosis
- Aortic stenosis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Cardiac tamponade
2/10
An experimental drug used in patients with congestive heart failure increases urinary output and decreases total peripheral resistance. The drug is most likely an analog of a substance normally produced by which of the following?
- Posterior pituitary gland
- Duodenal epithelium
- Renal juxtaglomerular cells
- Atrial cardiornyocytes
- Glomerular zone of the adrenal gland
3/10
A 56-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to chest palpitations: He feels that his heartbeat is fast and very irregular, The patient has no chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness, physical examination confirms the presence of an irregularly irregular rhythm with a heart rate of 120/min. He hosted a party last night for his wife's birthday and consumed a large amount of alcohol. The patient normally drinks only 2-3 times a year. He is otherwise healthy and takes no medications. Which of the followmg ECG findings is most likely in this patient?
- Absent P waves
- High voltage in precordial leads
- Prolonged QRS complex
- Prolonged QT interval
- ST elevation
4/10
A 69-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with sudden onset palpitations and dyspnea His past medical history is significant for hypertension and gastroesophageal reflux disease. An electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals a heart rate of 120 beats per minute with an irregular rhythm, narrow QRS complexes, and no P waves. Which of the following physiologic factors most likely determines the ventricular contraction rate in this patient?
- Atrial muscle depolarization rate
- Atrioventricular node refractory period
- Bundle branch conductivity
- Purkinje system pacemaker activity
- Sinoatrial node discharge rate
- Ventricular muscle refractory period
5/10
A 43-year-old male is being evaluated for painful muscle cramps. On physical examination, light tapping .on the chin elicits masseter muscle spasms. The patient has a serum sodium level of 135 mEq/dL, potassium level of 4.4 mEq/dL, and calcium level of 7.0 mg/dL Which of the following components of this patient' s past medical history is most likely contributing to his current condition?
- Metastatic bone cancer
- Thyroid surgery
- Multivitamin overdose
- Chlorthalidone treatment
- Overt hypothyroidism
6/10
Many drugs and toxins act by inhibiting substance flow across cell membranes. Which of the following inhibits primary active transport?
- Tetrodotoxin
- Verapamil
- Omeprazole
- Lidocaine
- Dofetilide
7/10
A 34-year-old Caucasian female who underwent an uncomplicated cholecystectomy one month ago eats a small meal containing mostly triglycerides and a small amount of complex carbohydrates. In this patient, most of the dietary lipids would be absorbed in the:
- Stomach
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
- Colon
8/10
A 23-year-old military recruit be gins special training that involves high-intensity physical exercise. At the peak of the exercise, which of the following parameters is the same in the systemic and pulmonary circulations?
- Arterial resistance
- Mean arterial pressure
- Diastolic arterial pressure
- Driving pressure for blood flow
- Blood flow per minute
- Arterial oxygen content
9/10
A 34-year-old man living on the coast suffers from chronic mild dyspnea. He lives a sedentary lifestyle and has smoked a half pack of cigarettes per day for 10 years His arterial blood gas analysis shows a PaO, of 70 mm Hg and a PaCO, of 35 mm Hg. Which of the following is most likely increased in this patient?
- Lung compliance
- P O= PaO, difference
- Tissue CO, production
- Lung diffusing capacity
- Left-to-right cardiac shunting
- Mixed venous blood oxygen conten
10/10
Pulmonary physiologists measure minute ventilation and ventilation in a healthy volunteer. The results are as follows:
Minute ventilation: 6.0 L/min
Alveolar ventilation: 4.2 L/min
Which of the following parameters most likely accounts for the difference between these 2 measurements?
Minute ventilation: 6.0 L/min
Alveolar ventilation: 4.2 L/min
Which of the following parameters most likely accounts for the difference between these 2 measurements?
- Breathing rate
- Dead space volume
- Functional residual capacity
- Residual volume
- Tidal volume
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