A patient recovering from a traumatic injury to the face now finds himself unable to chew his food.On physical examination, his jaw deviates to the right side. The nerve that has been injured in this patient exits the skull through which of the following foramina?

A 32-year-old woman describes five episodes of intractable vomiting over the last year. The episodes last several hours and are associated with a sensation that the room is spinning. At these times, it is difficult for her to walk because she loses her balance. She cannot relate timing of episodes to any particular inciting event.Physical examination reveals stability in the Romberg position and during tandem walk. Proprioception is intact.Dysfunction of which of the following structures best explains this patient's symptoms?

A 5-year-old male demonstrates persistent food-seeking behavior.He is obese,and his mother reports that he sometimes exhibits aggressive and bizarre behaviors.These clinical findings may be explained by a lesion in which of the following hypothalamic nuclei?

A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother due to right hand clumsiness. Several hours ago he attempted to climb a tree with a friend but lost his balance and fell from a branch. The boy tried to break the fall by grabbing the tree branch with his right hand. He landed safely on his feet with no head injury or loss of consciousness. On physical examination, he has difficulty performing fine finger movements with the right hand. Which of the following structures is most likely injured in this patient?

A 16-year-old male presents to your office with difficulty walking.On physical examination, he has thoracic kyphoscoliosis and multiple small scars on his hand.When asked about these, he reports that he repeatedly accidentally burns his hands because he 'cannot feel the heat.' Neurologic examination reveals 1+ biceps reflexes and 3+ patellar reflexes bilaterally,as well as decreased muscle strength in the bilateral upper and lower extremities.Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's problems?

A-23-year-old male who has been previously health is brought to the ER by his friends after a street fight. They tell you that they were 'walking down the street minding their own business when a guy jumped out from behind a dumpster and stabbed him in the chest'. They state that they disarmed the man after his single attack and that he ran off into an alley. The patient is conscious but in distress. Physical examination reveals a stab wound at the fifth intercostal space along the left midclavicular line. Which of the following is most likely punctured in this patient?

A 20-year-old man comes to the hospital with right knee pain after an injury during a soccer game. When asked how the injury occurred, he states, 'I fell to the ground after colliding with my teammate and then an opponent fell on my shin.' On physical examination, the patient's knee appears slightly swollen, and there is excessive posterior displacement of the tibia when pressure is applied to his anterior tibia with the knee in the flexed position. An axial MRI cross section of the right knee at the level of the tibial plateau is shown below.
Which of the following structures is most likely injured in this patient?

8. A 56-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of persistent left wrist pain. While walking his dog 5 hours ago, he fell forward to the ground and landed on his outstretched left hand. Examination shows mild swelling over the dorsum of the left hand with preserved range of motion. There is point tenderness present over the anatomic snuffbox. An x-ray of his left wrist is shown below.This patient is at greatest risk for developing which of the following complications?

A 53-year-old man presents to his physician's office with a dull ache in his right shoulder. He states that his pain is worse with movement and that it often interferes with his sleep. The patient cannot recall any traumatic events prior to the start of the pain, but does report that he experienced increased discomfort after helping his daughter move into her college dorm room one week ago. His past medical history includes dyslipidemia and hypertension, for which he takes the appropriate medications. Physical examination reveals localized tenderness just below the acromion. The physician asks the patient to abduct his arms to 90 degrees and flex them to 30 degrees with his thumbs pointing to the floor. She then applies downward force to his arms. This maneuver elicits pain in the patient's right shoulder and reveals right-sided weakness as compared to the left. A tendon of which of the following muscles is most likely inflamed in this patient?

A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician complaining of easy fatigability.She lives alone and works as an accountant.Her menstrual cycles are regular and her last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago.She does not smoke or consume alcohol. Her blood pressure is 150/90 mm Hg and pulse is 82/min. During her physical examination, she sits up from the supine position without using her hands. Which of the following muscles contributes most to the described movement.